If you're moving to Nigeria, here's how healthcare works
Moving to Nigeria means understanding a new healthcare system. Whether public or private, knowing your options early prevents costly surprises.
Healthcare System Overview
| Indicator | Value |
|---|---|
| System Type | Mixed |
| Healthcare Quality Index | 41.2/100 |
| Spending per Capita | €82 |
| Life Expectancy | 54.1 years |
How the System Works
Nigeria's healthcare system is classified as Mixed system. The system combines public and private healthcare elements.
Public vs Private Healthcare
Most countries offer both public and private healthcare options:
- Public healthcare: Available to all registered residents. May have waiting lists for non-urgent procedures. Typically lower cost but less choice of provider.
- Private healthcare: Shorter wait times, choice of specialist. Higher cost but often better facilities. Many expats choose private insurance for the first year.
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Emergency Numbers
| Service | Number |
|---|---|
| Universal Emergency | 112 |
| Ambulance | 112 |
| Police | N/A |
Save these numbers in your phone before arriving in Nigeria. In EU countries, 112 works universally. In non-EU countries, learn the local numbers and keep them accessible.
Health Insurance for Expats
As an expat in Nigeria, your insurance options typically include:
- Employer-sponsored insurance: If employed locally, your employer may enrol you in the public system or provide private coverage
- International health insurance: Global plans from providers like Cigna, Allianz, or Bupa — ideal for the first year or if you plan to move again
- Local private insurance: Often cheaper than international plans but may have language barriers in claims
- Public system enrolment: Available once you have a residence permit and employment
Healthcare Quality
With a healthcare quality index of 41.2/100, Nigeria offers adequate healthcare by international standards.
Life expectancy in Nigeria is 54.1 years, which is below the global average.
Government healthcare spending is approximately €82 per capita per year.
Practical Tips
- Register immediately: Sign up for health insurance within your first week of arrival
- Bring medical records: Carry translated copies of your medical history, prescriptions, and vaccination records
- Find an English-speaking doctor: Expat communities and forums often maintain lists of English-speaking practitioners
- Prescription medications: Check if your regular medications are available and legal in Nigeria. Bring a 3-month supply with a doctor's letter
- Dental care: Dental coverage varies widely — check what your insurance covers and consider supplemental dental insurance
Additional Practical Information
The following information is compiled from expat community sources and recent reports to complement the official data above.
Key Institutions and Services
Based on current expat reports, the following organisations and services are relevant for newcomers to Nigeria:
- Expats Health Insurance
- National Health Insurance
Additional Data Points
Recent reports and expat sources provide these additional figures for Nigeria:
- Exclusive discounts and additional benefits on Regency for Expats Health Insurance. Get a free quote now and save up to 40% on the best health insurance for Expats.
- Prevalence of such epidemics as HIV (3.17% among adults as of 2014) and malaria (11% in 2012) is another major health concern in the country. Cholera, tetanus or polio, practically extinct or at least easily treated in developed countries, are still fairly dangerous in Nigeria. On the other hand, the country successfully contained the outbreak of Ebola virus that occurred in the West African region in 2014.
- A National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) has been rolled out by the government in 1999. Although it aims for Universal healthcare coverage, less than 5% of the population is currently covered by the NHIS, and the government continues its effort to further it.
- Private players have found their way into this flawed market, and private facilities are to be found across the country, from large hospitals in cities to smaller clinics in rural towns. The private sector is what most expats in Nigeria turn to. The bill must often be settled in cash, upfront, and can rapidly escalate.
Additional data sourced from expat community reports. All information should be verified with official sources.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What are the emergency numbers in Nigeria?
Emergency numbers in Nigeria: Universal emergency: 112, Ambulance: 112, Police: N/A. Save these in your phone before arriving. In most cases, operators may speak English, but knowing basic local language emergency phrases is recommended.
Can I see a doctor in English in Nigeria?
In major cities in Nigeria, finding an English-speaking doctor is usually possible, especially at private clinics and international hospitals. Expat communities often maintain lists of English-speaking practitioners. In rural areas, language barriers are more common.
Are prescriptions from my home country valid in Nigeria?
Foreign prescriptions are generally not valid in Nigeria. Bring a translated copy of your prescriptions and a doctor's letter explaining your medication needs. Visit a local GP to get prescriptions reissued. Some medications may have different brand names or availability.
How long are hospital waiting times in Nigeria?
With a healthcare index of 41.2/100, waiting times in Nigeria are variable, with potential delays for specialist and elective care. Private hospitals typically offer shorter waiting times.
How do I register for healthcare when I arrive in Nigeria?
Registration typically involves visiting a local health office or insurance provider within your first weeks. You will need your residence permit, passport, and proof of address. Your employer may handle registration if you are employed locally.
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