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Key takeaway: The Dutch government states there is no digital nomad visa. Non-EU visitors follow the 90-in-180-day Schengen rule and cannot work for Dutch clients; longer stays need a residence permit, such as the self-employed permit. The IND lists a treaty route for US and Japanese nationals.

No dedicated digital nomad visa

Business.gov.nl, the Dutch government information site for entrepreneurs, states that the Netherlands does not have a digital nomad visa. The statement appears in guidance for people who plan to come to the Netherlands as a digital nomad and as an entrepreneur, and the page says it assumes the reader is already an entrepreneur registered with the Chamber of Commerce. It is therefore not a source on employees who work remotely for an employer abroad, a situation that should be checked with the IND.

Short stays: the 90-day Schengen limit

For a stay of less than four months, Business.gov.nl says an entrepreneur whose business is based in another country can usually continue to work remotely, provided the entry requirements are met. Non-EU visitors must follow the Schengen rules, a maximum of 90 days per 180 days, even if no visa is needed before travelling. The same page says a visa is not a work permit and that visitors cannot work for Dutch clients or look for work in the Netherlands. The Dutch foreign ministry describes the same 90-day limit in any 180-day period.

Staying longer than four months

For a stay longer than 4 months, Business.gov.nl says a person from outside the EU, EEA or Switzerland needs a residence permit, such as the residence permit for a self-employed person, even when the company is registered in the home country and the work is only for clients abroad. Netherlands Worldwide lists the MVV, used to travel to the Netherlands to collect a residence permit, under long-stay visas for more than 90 days. A stay of more than 4 months also means registering with the municipality to receive a citizen service number, and a foreign digital nomad registered as a resident and entrepreneur in the Netherlands may be liable for tax there.

What the self-employed permit application asks for

The IND application form for a self-employed residence permit asks applicants to show that their company is of essential interest to the Dutch economy, using a scoring system with three parts: personal experience, a business plan, and the added value of the economic activities for the Dutch economy. Freelancers must enclose copies of the agreements for the assignments they will carry out, and the financial supporting documents must be checked by an authorised independent external expert. The IND fee for a first self-employed application is €423.00.

The Dutch-American Friendship Treaty route

The IND form lists a self-employed category based on the Dutch-American Friendship Treaty, with a parallel category under the Dutch-Japanese Trade Agreement, for applicants with USA or Japanese nationality. The IND policy rules require substantial capital invested in the company: for a sole proprietorship an amount assessed case by case with a minimum of €4,500; for a general partnership or private limited company at least 25% of the capital, with a minimum of €4,500; and for a public limited company at least €11,250, which is 25% of its minimum paid-up capital. Borrowed capital does not count. The application form adds that the business bank account statement must show the company name and the capital invested.

Questions before acting

Does the Netherlands have a digital nomad visa?

No. Business.gov.nl states that the Netherlands does not have a digital nomad visa. For stays longer than 4 months the same page points to a residence permit such as the self-employed permit, even when the company is registered abroad and the clients are abroad.

Can I work remotely during a short Schengen stay?

Business.gov.nl says an entrepreneur whose business is based abroad can usually continue to work remotely for a stay of less than 4 months if the entry requirements are met, with a maximum stay of 90 days per 180 days for non-EU visitors. A visa is not a work permit, and visitors cannot work for Dutch clients or look for work in the Netherlands. The page says it assumes the reader is an entrepreneur, so it is not a source on employees of foreign employers.

What is the Dutch-American Friendship Treaty route?

It is a self-employed category on the IND application form for applicants with USA nationality, with a parallel Dutch-Japanese category for Japanese nationals. The IND policy rules require substantial capital invested in the company: a minimum of €4,500 for a sole proprietorship, at least 25% of the capital with a minimum of €4,500 for a general partnership or private limited company, and at least €11,250 for a public limited company. Borrowed capital does not count.

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About the author

António Mira is the founder of whereTOemigrate. For over a decade he has worked at the intersection of Portuguese real estate and overseas business, helping international clients navigate the cross-border decisions that come with relocating. He sits on the board of CCIAP (Portuguese-Arab Chamber of Commerce), the Portuguese-Saudi Business Council, and the Portugal-Hong Kong Business Association — always with one focus: enabling overseas business and human mobility into and out of Portugal.

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